College of Education
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10877/17049
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Browsing College of Education by Department "Counseling, Leadership, Adult Education, and School Psychology"
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Item A Broader Definition of Fragile States:The Communities and Schools of Brazil’s "Favelas"(Teachers College, Columbia University, 2012-01) Straubhaar, RolfThough the existing literature on the favelas (or shantytowns) of Brazil thoroughly documents the chaotic and violent nature of life within them, few connections have been made between the literature on favelas, fragility and small states, particularly with regard to the fragile state of educational institutions in favelas. This article summarizes the primary findings of prominent favela studies across the social sciences alongside the literature on fragility, drawing out a summative definition of fragility that easily applies to the context of education in Brazilian favelas. Primarily, this article argues that not only do the slums of Brazil qualify for classification as fragile small states, but such a classification by prominent multilaterals would open these areas to donor funding for educational programming that could greatly mitigate their fragility and advance educational equity, as occurs in other postconflict and fragile settings around the world.Item A Counselor’s Tale: The Need for Cultural Awareness(Sage Publications, 2019-10) Cotman, Ann Marie; Enyioha, Jessica C.; Guerra, Patricia; Holmes, Analeasa LopezCulturally responsive (CR) leadership permeates all leadership practices and consists of several domains including: developing critical consciousness, supporting cultural knowledge development, and advocating for social justice within and outside of the school walls. This case focuses on the need to ground CR leadership in critical self-reflection and cultural consciousness by exploring the relationship between a White principal and his first leadership team member of Color who brings a different, bicultural perspective to his work. Assumptions that fill the void left by a lack of cultural knowledge lead to damaging effects including tokenism and stereotype threat.Item A Multidimensional Examination of Children's Endorsement of Gender Stereotypes(Wiley, 2023-11-08) Miller, Cindy Faith; Wheeler, Lorey A.; Woods, BobbiThe present research applied a multidimensional framework to the study of gender stereotypes by investigating whether elementary school children display different levels of endorsement when considering distinct gender stereotype constructs (ability, category, and interest) and feminine versus masculine stereotypes. Study 1 (N = 403) compared children's ability and category beliefs using a set of gender-neutral skill items. Study 2 (N = 539) extended this research by examining whether children showed different patterns of ability and category decisions for feminine versus masculine occupational items. Study 3 (N = 974) furthered our understanding of the construct dimension by comparing children's interest and ability decisions within the STEM domain. Findings revealed that older elementary school children endorsed ability stereotypes more strongly than category stereotypes and, across all age groups, children endorsed interest stereotypes more strongly than ability stereotypes. Findings also revealed age differences in how children think about masculine versus feminine stereotypes. For masculine stereotypes, younger children showed stronger endorsement than older children; however, for feminine stereotypes, the reverse pattern was found such that older children showed more stereotyped thinking than younger children. The present study illustrates the benefits of employing a multidimensional framework to gain a more nuanced understanding of how children apply their increasing knowledge of gender stereotypes.Item A Novel Medical Device that Relieves Anxiety, Depression and Pain While Improving Sleep in a Population of Teachers(Longdom, 2019-01) Price, Larry R.; Kirsch, Tracey B.; Kuhn, John; Marksberry, Jeff; Haltiwanger, Steven G.Objectives: This study was conducted to confirm the benefits of Alpha-Stim ® cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) technology as an effective non-drug treatment for anxiety, mood, sleep, and pain in teachers following a successful pilot study at the Leigh Academy, Dartford, United Kingdom. The second objective was to determine whether the new smartphone app was a reliable method of evaluating the effectiveness, based on the pilot study in the UK, other prior surveys, and more than 100 prospective research studies conducted on Alpha-Stim technology conducted from 1981 through 2019. Methods: Thirty-five teachers (29 females and 6 males) in the Mineral Wells, Texas Independent School District, volunteered to participate in a study to reduce anxiety, depression, insomnia, and pain by passing a mild electric current with specific waveform characteristics through their brains via electrodes that clip on their ears. It was a six- week open-label design where participants tracked their progress using a new smartphone app to record their symptoms at least five days per week. The subjects were encouraged to use the device for 20-60 minutes any time of day and for any indication. Results: The statistical analyses revealed highly significant (p values <0.001) for anxiety, depression, insomnia, and pain. The effect size Cohen's d values from a total of 237 treatments were greater than two standard deviations for all outcome measures indicating a high level of practical change from baseline to posttest supporting the capability of Alpha-Stim CES technology in reducing self-perceived symptoms and the ability to monitor progress on the Alpha-Stim app. Conclusion: This treatment effect with Alpha-Stim cranial electrotherapy stimulation on anxiety, insomnia, depression, and pain was consistent with prior surveys and confirmed the precision of the new app in determining progress from a single treatment and a series of treatments.Item A Novel Method for Expediting the Development of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and an Evaluation Across Several Populations(Sage, 2016-01) Garrard, Lili; Price, Larry R.; Bott, Marjorie J.; Gajewski, Byron J.Item response theory (IRT) models provide an appropriate alternative to the classical ordinal confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) during the development of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Current literature has identified the assessment of IRT model fit as both challenging and underdeveloped. This study evaluates the performance of Ordinal Bayesian Instrument Development (OBID), a Bayesian IRT model with a probit link function approach, through applications in two breast cancer-related instrument development studies. The primary focus is to investigate an appropriate method for comparing Bayesian IRT models in PROMs development. An exact Bayesian leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) approach is implemented to assess prior selection for the item discrimination parameter in the IRT model and subject content experts’ bias (in a statistical sense and not to be confused with psychometric bias as in differential item functioning) toward the estimation of item-to-domain correlations. Results support the utilization of content subject experts’ information in establishing evidence for construct validity when sample size is small. However, the incorporation of subject experts’ content information in the OBID approach can be sensitive to the level of expertise of the recruited experts. More stringent efforts need to be invested in the appropriate selection of subject experts to efficiently use the OBID approach and reduce potential bias during PROMs development.Item A Novel Method for Expediting the Development of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and an Evaluation of its Performance via Simulation(Springer Nature, 2015-09) Garrard, Lili; Price, Larry R.; Bott, Marjorie J.; Gajewski, Byron J.Background: Developing valid and reliable patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is a critical step in promoting patient-centered health care, a national priority in the U.S. Small populations or rare diseases often pose difficulties in developing PROMs using traditional methods due to small samples. Methods: To overcome the small sample size challenge while maintaining psychometric soundness, we propose an innovative Ordinal Bayesian Instrument Development (OBID) method that seamlessly integrates expert and participant data in a Bayesian item response theory (IRT) with a probit link model framework. Prior distributions obtained from expert data are imposed on the IRT model parameters and are updated with participants’ data. The efficiency of OBID is evaluated by comparing its performance to classical instrument development performance using actual and simulation data. Results and Discussion: The overall performance of OBID (i.e., more reliable parameter estimates, smaller mean squared errors (MSEs) and higher predictive validity) is superior to that of classical approaches when the sample size is small (e.g. less than 100 subjects). Although OBID may exhibit larger bias, it reduces the MSEs by decreasing variances. Results also closely align with recommendations in the current literature that six subject experts will be sufficient for establishing content validity evidence. However, in the presence of highly biased experts, three experts will be adequate. Conclusions: This study successfully demonstrated that the OBID approach is more efficient than the classical approach when the sample size is small. OBID promises an efficient and reliable method for researchers and clinicians in future PROMs development for small populations or rare diseases.Item A Place for Organisational Critical Consciousness: Comparing Two Case Studies of Freirean Nonprofits(Taylor & Francis, 2013-04-14) Straubhaar, RolfOne of the primary goals of Freirean theory is the achievement of a higher level of political and social consciousness amongst participants in educational programming. Freire himself only loosely defined this sense of consciousness, and int erpretations of how this abstract concept might look vary widely. In some organizations, the politically radical goals of Freirean facilitators do not match the desired outcomes of participants. Other organizations may use Freirean methods to pursue their programming, but without subscribing to Freire’s revolutionary educational project. This article provides case study examples of both extremes in Brazil and Mozambique, concluding with the argument that applying Freire’s notion of critical consciousness o rganizationally can help to make sense of the diversity of interpretation among Freirean nonprofits.Item Adult Education-Related Graduate Degrees: Insights on the Challenges and Benefits of Online Programming(New Prairie Press, 2017-06) Stephens, Mattyna L.; Coryell, Joellen E.; Pena, CindyThis study investigated the experiences of program coordinators’/instructors’ experiences of teaching online in graduate adult education programs. Specifically, we examined their perspectives on the benefits and challenges to both students and instructors in online learning environments and participants’ recommendations for others who were interested in transitioning their courses and degrees to online programming.Item Advocating for social justice, equity, and inclusion in the workplace: An agenda for anti-racist learning organizations(2021-09) Bohonos, Jeremy W.; Sisco, StephanieAmidst ongoing racist violence in the United States, this article will recognize workplace-based efforts to act against racially motivated discrimination targeted at the Black community. More specifically, this article will examine anti-racist initiatives in the workplace by connecting these efforts to broader discussions of human rights, organizational social justice, and the Black Lives Matter movement. Culturally responsive leadership approaches, ally development efforts, employee resource groups, and mentorship/sponsorship programs are among the leading strategies currently used by employers to resist workplace racism; and thereby, each of these initiatives will be reviewed to illustrate how they drive organizational efforts, foster anti-racist workplace cultures, and work against antiblackness. To consider how this work can be improved, the article concludes with suggestions for how academic HRD programs can reform curriculum to prepare graduates to be drivers of organizational social justice.Item An Examination of the Technological Aspects and Changes Influencing Healthy Girl-Produced Media and How Female Adolescents' Perceive Beauty(Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education, 2013-03-25) Summers, Emily; Lasser, Jon S.This mixed methods study explored how technological changes influenced female adolescents' access to and perceptions of healthy girl-produced media images of feminine beauty. We utilized an online survey, web-based interviews, and content analysis of girl-produced media. The study focuses on how 21st century technical advances influenced girls’ access to and use of healthy girl-produced, media-produced female images, and how changes in media technology influenced understandings of beauty. Foci include how the type of media exposure girls consumed influenced their perceptions of beauty; and how girls differed in perceptions of beauty based on amount of media consumed. Finally, we would share how technological changes influenced research methodologies related to adolescent girls’ perceptions of beauty. Interdisciplinary research indicates that understandings and interpretations of beauty may influence females’ success and well-being throughout their lives. Thus, our study could have enduring influence on chosen participants.Item Anti-Asian Racism in Education from the Lens of AsianCrit: Tenets and Practices(2023-05) Shang, Lihua; Bohonos, Jeremy W.The purpose of this Research Roundtable is to analyze racism in Education from the lens of AsianCrit and to discuss teaching practices in various Adult Education sections.Item Artistic expression as a teaching strategy for social movements: Deepening understandings of the Civil Rights and #BlackLivesMatter movements(Sage, 2019-02) Bohonos, Jeremy W.; Otchere, Kimberly; Pak, YoonProblem: Members of organizations often struggle to grasp the importance of social movements and to understand the affective dimensions of the injustices that inspire them. Solution: We argued that combining artistic expression with Social Movement Learning (SML) in HRD can help members of the dominant culture to better empathize with those who experiences marginalization. This will help organizations to better relate to social movements, and to more effectively address related injustices. Key Stakeholders: HRD scholars and practitioners as well as those engaged in social movements.Item Assessing Online Viewing Practices Among College Students(National Association for Media Literacy Education, 2019-11) Threadgill, Elizabeth J.; Price, Larry R.This article focuses on media literacy education for college students. First, we conducted psychometric analyses to verify the properties of the Critical Evaluation and Analysis of Media (CEAM) scale. CEAM measures college students' self-reported practices for critically evaluating and analyzing the credibility, audience, and technical design elements of online media, such as news, advertisement, and entertainment media. Using CEAM, our second goal was to identify trends in critical viewing practices among first-year students enrolled in college. Results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) supported a three-factor structure for the CEAM scale. Composite score reliability for all items comprising the total scale displayed strong evidence for the internal consistency of the scale with a Coefficient Alpha (α) of .91. Score reliability estimates for each subscale follow: (a) Questioning Credibility (α = .80), (b) Recognizing Audience (α = .78), and (c) Recognizing Design (α = .81). Findings from the study indicate that while first-year college students generally perceive they have adequate practices in recognizing audience in media messages and questioning the credibility of news, there is room for improvement in questioning the credibility of advertisements, suggesting that college instructors should focus more on advertising literacy.Item Best practices for working with transgender clients in Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare(University of New Hampshire, 2020-01) Tucker, Anita; Norton, Christine; Stifler, Julia; Gass, Michael; Bostick, KendraResearch suggests that simply identifying an individual as transgender does not necessarily indicate the existence of other mental health concerns. However, many transgender adolescents experience significant psychosocial and mental health concerns, which are likely due to the challenges faced by youth with nonconforming gender identity and expression. Though issues related to gender identity are rarely the primary reason why individuals seek mental health treatment, it is important for mental health practitioners to possess some knowledge of the issues affecting the transgender community to provide effective treatment. This paper examines the clinical needs of youth who identify as transgender, and best practices for working with transgender clients in Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare. Recommendations for best practices include ensuring that clinicians and other staff members are adequately educated on issues related to gender identity, examining bias on a personal and institutional level, taking corrective action to create more trans-affirming environments, and promoting client self-determination and voice before and during treatment. In addition, more research on the topic of transgender clients in mental health treatment, and specifically in OBH programs, is needed to better inform clinical practice.Item Beyond posters and pennants: College-going messaging at three racially and economically diverse public schools(Teachers College, Columbia University, 2019-01) Martinez, Melissa A.; Torres, Isaac; Lewis, Katherine M.Context: It has been argued that high schools with a majority of students of color and from low-income backgrounds must be purposeful in fostering a college-going culture in order to address the challenges and inequities historically underserved students face in preparing for and accessing a higher education. However, what this looks and sounds like in practice is not always clear, leaving schools seeking common ground on how to create a college-going environment. Purpose: Through a symbolic and ecological model of college readiness framework, the messaging associated with the college-going culture at three racially and economically diverse Texas high schools that had consistently high college ready graduate rates was examined. The research questions that guided the study included: What types of college-going culture messages are conveyed at the schools, and how? How might such messaging impact students, school staff and leaders? Research Design: This study drew on data from a three-year, multi-site descriptive case study of three public high schools in different regions of Texas that all served approximately 50% or more of students with financial need and 72% to 97% students of color, specifically Latina/o and Black students. Data Collection and Analysis: Data was collected during week-long, yearly visits to the three schools and included: school and district documents, individual and group semi-structured interviews with 194 individuals including administrators, teachers, support staff, students, parents, and community members, observations of common areas and classrooms, archival data, and researcher-derived documents including field notes, memos, and photographs of the school grounds and school activities. This paper primarily drew on the pictures taken of the schools (in hallways, classrooms, and shared spaces like cafeterias and libraries), field notes, memos, and interview data that specifically speak to the visual and verbal messaging associated with the college-going culture. Analysis of data revealed six themes: college is a revered goal with many options; varying degrees of integration; support and resources are at your reach; think college and career; finding funding for college is vital; college is an individual and shared success. Conclusions: This study’s findings suggest the need to: reconsider what a strong college-going culture entails, re-envision college-going cultures as dynamic, multi-layered, and responsive, reframe postsecondary opportunities so they are more expansive and varied, and re-evaluate inequities in college-going messaging and academic rigor.Item Bilingüismo en Inmigrantes Adultos: Conceptos Fundamentales y Experiencias Pedagógicas(Editorial Kinesis, 2018-12-28) Galindo, Angelmiro; Larrotta, ClarenaThis book presents an overview of theoretical issues, foundational concepts, and pedagogical experiences fostering the bilingual education of adult immigrants within the context of the United States, more specifically South Central Texas. The focal participants in the research presented here are adult English learners and their teachers. Many books have been written to address the bilingual development of immigrant children within school context; however, literature discussing the bilingual development of adult immigrants is scant. The present book provides an updated discussion of different theories related to bilingualism and how they apply to adults who are immigrants and who are at different stages of bilingual development. The overall purpose of the book is to establish a close connection between theory and practice useful to graduate students, educators, and practitioners in the fields of bilingual education with focus on adults, adult education, second/foreign language teaching, and adult literacy.Item Child-Centered Play Therapists' Experiences of Conducting Group Play Therapy in Elementary Schools(Taylor & Francis, 2019-07-31) Blalock, Sarah; Lindo, Natalya; Haiyasoso, Maria; Morman, MollyChild-Centered Group Play Therapy (CCGPT) has been shown to be an effective, developmentally appropriate, and efficient mental health treatment for young children. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore six play therapists’ perceptions of conducting CCGPT in four elementary schools. Three overarching themes emerged from the data: Internal Responses During Clinical Experiences, Perception of CCGPT (subthemes: Benefits, Challenges, Comparison to Individual PT), and Observed Change (subthemes: Client Change, Shift in Therapist Perception of CCGPT). Results support the use of CCGPT in schools and highlight the need for counselor training in CCGPT.Item Collaborative Efforts: Raising Students’ Multicultural Consciousness through Academic Affairs and Student Affairs Partnerships(Georgia College Personnel Association, 2014-01) Dean, Shannon R.This article presents the need to shift language around multicultural competence to multicultural consciousness in the context of college students’ learning and development. Engaging in collaboration between academic and student affairs around multicultural consciousness supports student learning. Finally, the article outlines examples of three collaborations that can enrich students’ learning and development in the area of multicultural consciousness.Item Collective leadership: Practice, theory, and praxis(Wiley, 2009-08) Guajardo, Miguel A.An act of leadership is always an act of practical theory. We lead because we hold visions of the world as it ought to be, because of the not yet, because of the potential that we see in ideas and people. Yet, there still exists a perceived binary between leadership theory (in the strong sense) and leadership practice, a binary that divides organizations, classrooms, and the differing bodies of leadership literature. In this Symposium, Duncan Waite and his colleagues discuss the barriers they have faced in bringing theory to the educational leadership classroom, as well as the promise they feel theory holds for more productive, equitable, and humane schooling organizations.Item College Access for Undocumented Students and Law(New Prairie Press, 2019-01) Enyioha, Jessica C.There are over 32 million undocumented immigrants in the United States and of this population, over 1.5 million are children (Palmer & Davidson, 2011). These children grow up in the US, achieve primary and secondary education, and when they are ready to pursue postsecondary education, it becomes harder for them to achieve. In this paper, undocumented students’ access to postsecondary education in the US is examined: laws that affect their access to postsecondary education, previous cases on access to education for undocumented students, and the difficulties undocumented students often encounter when pursuing postsecondary education are discussed and analyzed. Best practices and suggestions for supporting undocumented students in pursuing postsecondary education are shared.