Determinants of Diabetes Disease Management, 2011–2019
Date
2021-07
Authors
Fulton, Lawrence V.
Adepoju, Omolola
Dolezel, Diane M.
Ekin, Tahir
Gibbs, David L.
Hewitt, Barbara
McLeod, Alexander
Liaw, Winston
Lieneck, Cristian H.
Ramamonjiarivelo, Zo
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Abstract
This study estimated the effects of Medicaid Expansion, demographics, socioeconomic status (SES), and health status on disease management of diabetes over time. The hypothesis was that the introduction of the ACA and particularly Medicaid Expansion would increase the following dependent variables (all proportions): (1) provider checks of HbA1c, (2) provider checks of feet, (3) provider checks of eyes, (4) patient education, (5) annual physician checks for diabetes, (6) patient self-checks of blood sugar. Data were available from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for 2011 to 2019. We filtered the data to include only patients with diagnosed non-gestational diabetes of age 45 or older (n = 510,991 cases prior to weighting). Linear splines modeled Medicaid Expansion based on state of residence as well as implementation status. Descriptive time series plots showed no major changes in proportions of the dependent variables over time. Quasibinomial analysis showed that implementation of Medicaid Expansion had a statistically negative effect on patient self-checks of blood sugar (odds ratio = 0.971, p < 0.001), a statistically positive effect on physician checks of HbA1c (odds ratio = 1.048, p < 0.001), a statistically positive effect on feet checks (odds ratio = 1.021, p < 0.001), and no other significant effects. Evidence of demographic, SES, and health status disparities existed for most of the dependent variables. This finding was especially significant for HbA1c checks by providers. Barriers to achieving better diabetic care remain and require innovative policy interventions.
Description
Keywords
diabetes, ACA, medicaid, quasibinomial, Health Administration
Citation
Fulton, L. V., Adepoju, O. E., Dolezel, D., Ekin, T., Gibbs, D., Hewitt, B., McLeod, A., Liaw, W., Lieneck, C., Ramamonjiarivelo, Z., Shanmugam, R., & Woodward, L. D. (2021). Determinants of diabetes disease management, 2011-2019. Healthcare, 9(8), 944.
Rights
Rights Holder
© 2021 The Authors.
Rights License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.