Water Grand Challenges: Institutional Actors for Water in Texas
Abstract
In Texas, surface water and groundwater are governed and managed separately.
Governance of surface water is divided primarily among four state agencies: the Texas Water
Development Board (TWDB), the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), the
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD), and the Texas General Land Office (GLO).
Groundwater Management Areas (GMAs), Priority Groundwater Management Areas (PGMAs),
the Edwards Aquifer Authority (EAA), and Groundwater Conservation Districts (GCDs) play an
important role in implementing local groundwater management strategies.